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Table of Available Functions for Custom Formulas, Transforms, and Calculated Variables |
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This table provides quick reference for all available functions. For detailed explanations, examples, and usage notes, see the complete function reference.
Notes:
•Function names are NOT case-sensitive
•Most functions work in both user-defined equations and transforms. Exceptions: Random number functions (GAUSS, RND) and single-variable aggregate functions (MEAN, STDEV, STDERR, COUNT, CENTER, STANDARDIZE, and single-variable forms of MAX, MIN, SUM) are only available in transforms
•Unless otherwise noted, trigonometric functions use radians
•For Excel/R equivalents and detailed behavior, see the complete reference
Basic Arithmetic & Rounding
Function |
Description |
Excel Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
ABS(x) |
Absolute value |
ABS(x) |
CEIL(x) |
Round up to nearest integer |
CEILING(x) |
FLOOR(x) |
Round down to nearest integer |
FLOOR(x) |
INT(x) |
Truncate to integer (remove decimals) |
TRUNC(x) |
ROUND(x, digits) |
Round to specified decimal places |
ROUND(x, digits) |
a MOD b |
Remainder after division (infix only) |
MOD(a, b) |
SGN(x) |
Sign: 1 (positive), -1 (negative), 0 (zero) |
SIGN(x) |
SQR(x) |
Square (x²) |
x*x |
SQRT(x) |
Square root |
SQRT(x) |
MAX(x, y, ...) |
Maximum of values |
MAX(x, y, ...) |
MIN(x, y, ...) |
Minimum of values |
MIN(x, y, ...) |
SUM(x, y, ...) |
Sum of values |
SUM(x, y, ...) |
FACT(n) |
Factorial (n!) |
FACT(n) |
Trigonometric Functions
All angles in radians unless converted with RAD/DEG.
Function |
Description |
Excel Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
SIN(x) |
Sine |
SIN(x) |
COS(x) |
Cosine |
COS(x) |
TAN(x) |
Tangent |
TAN(x) |
ARCSIN(x) |
Arcsine (inverse sine), -1 ≤ x ≤ 1 |
ASIN(x) |
ARCCOS(x) |
Arccosine (inverse cosine), -1 ≤ x ≤ 1 |
ACOS(x) |
ARCTAN(x) |
Arctangent (inverse tangent) |
ATAN(x) |
ARCTAN2(y, x) |
Angle to point (y,x). ⚠️ Prism uses (y,x) |
ATAN2(x, y) ⚠️ |
SINH(x) |
Hyperbolic sine |
SINH(x) |
COSH(x) |
Hyperbolic cosine |
COSH(x) |
TANH(x) |
Hyperbolic tangent |
TANH(x) |
ARCSINH(x) |
Inverse hyperbolic sine |
ASINH(x) |
ARCCOSH(x) |
Inverse hyperbolic cosine, x ≥ 1 |
ACOSH(x) |
ARCTANH(x) |
Inverse hyperbolic tangent, -1 < x < 1 |
ATANH(x) |
RAD(degrees) |
Convert degrees to radians |
RADIANS(degrees) |
DEG(radians) |
Convert radians to degrees |
DEGREES(radians) |
Exponential & Logarithmic Functions
Function |
Description |
Excel Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
EXP(x) |
e raised to power x |
EXP(x) |
LN(x) |
Natural logarithm (base e), x > 0 |
LN(x) |
LOG(x) |
Base-10 logarithm, x > 0 |
LOG10(x) |
LOG10(x) |
Base-10 logarithm (alias for LOG) |
LOG10(x) |
LOG2(x) |
Base-2 logarithm, x > 0 |
LOG(x, 2) |
LOGIT(p) |
Log-odds: ln(p/(1-p)), 0 < p < 1 |
LN(p/(1-p)) |
Statistical Distribution Functions
For tail_type parameters: "left" = P(X ≤ x), "right" = P(X ≥ x), "one" = one-tailed p-value, "two" = two-tailed p-value. Defaults shown in parentheses.
Normal Distribution
Function |
Description |
Excel Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
NORMDIST(x, mean, sd, tail_type) |
Cumulative probability. Defaults: mean=0, sd=1, tail="left" |
NORM.DIST(x, mean, sd, TRUE) |
NORMINV(p, mean, sd, tail_type) |
Quantile (inverse CDF). Defaults: mean=0, sd=1, tail="left" |
NORM.INV(p, mean, sd) |
NORMPDF(x, mean, sd) |
Probability density. Defaults: mean=0, sd=1 |
NORM.DIST(x, mean, sd, FALSE) |
Standard Normal (Z)
Function |
Description |
Excel Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
ZDIST(z, tail_type) |
Cumulative probability. Default: tail="left" |
NORM.S.DIST(z, TRUE) |
ZINV(p, tail_type) |
Quantile. Default: tail="left" |
NORM.S.INV(p) |
ZPDF(z) |
Probability density |
NORM.DIST(z, 0, 1, FALSE) |
Student's t Distribution
Function |
Description |
Excel Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
TDIST(t, df) |
Upper-tail probability P(T ≥ t) |
T.DIST.RT(t, df) |
TINV(p, df) |
t-value for two-tailed probability p |
T.INV.2T(p, df) |
TPDF(t, df) |
Probability density |
T.DIST(t, df, FALSE) |
Chi-Square Distribution
Function |
Description |
Excel Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
CHIDIST(x2, df) |
Upper-tail probability P(χ² ≥ x2) |
CHISQ.DIST.RT(x2, df) |
CHIINV(p, df) |
χ² value for upper-tail probability p |
CHISQ.INV.RT(p, df) |
CHISQC(x, df) |
Cumulative probability P(χ² ≤ x) |
CHISQ.DIST(x, df, TRUE) |
F Distribution
Function |
Description |
Excel Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
FDIST(f, df1, df2) |
Upper-tail probability P(F ≥ f) |
F.DIST.RT(f, df1, df2) |
FINV(p, df1, df2) |
F-value for upper-tail probability p |
F.INV.RT(p, df1, df2) |
FPDF(f, df1, df2) |
Probability density |
F.DIST(f, df1, df2, FALSE) |
Other Distributions
Function |
Description |
Excel Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
BINOMIAL(k, n, p) |
P(X ≥ k) for n trials, probability p |
1 - BINOM.DIST(k, n, p, TRUE) + BINOM.DIST(k, n, p, FALSE) |
ERF(x) |
Error function |
ERF(x) |
ERFC(x) |
Complementary error function: 1 - ERF(x) |
ERFC(x) |
PROBIT(p) |
Probit with offset: 5 + Φ⁻¹(p) |
5 + NORM.S.INV(p) |
Random Number Generation
Available for in-table formulas only - not available in user-defined equations
Function |
Description |
Excel Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
GAUSS(mean, sd) |
Random value from normal distribution |
NORM.INV(RAND(), mean, sd) |
RND(lower, upper) |
Random value from uniform distribution |
RAND()*(upper-lower)+lower |
Descriptive Statistics
Available for in-table formulas only - not available in user-defined equations
Function |
Description |
Excel Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
MEAN(Variable) |
Arithmetic mean (broadcasts to all rows) |
AVERAGE(range) |
STDEV(Variable) |
Sample standard deviation (broadcasts) |
STDEV.S(range) |
STDERR(Variable) |
Standard error of mean (broadcasts) |
STDEV.S(range)/SQRT(COUNT(range)) |
COUNT(Variable) |
Count of non-blank values |
COUNT(range) |
CENTER(Variable) |
Center data (subtract mean) |
value - AVERAGE(range) |
STANDARDIZE(Variable) |
Convert to z-scores |
(value - AVERAGE(range))/STDEV.S(range) |
Special Functions - Gamma
Function |
Description |
Excel Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
GAMMA(x) |
Gamma function. For integers: Γ(n) = (n-1)! |
GAMMA(x) |
GAMMALN(x) |
Natural log of gamma function |
GAMMALN(x) |
IGAMMA(shape, x) |
Incomplete gamma function |
GAMMA.DIST(x, shape, 1, TRUE) |
IGAMMAC(shape, x) |
Complementary incomplete gamma: 1 - IGAMMA |
1 - GAMMA.DIST(x, shape, 1, TRUE) |
PSI(x) |
Digamma function (derivative of ln Γ) |
No equivalent |
Special Functions - Beta
Function |
Description |
Excel Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
BETA(a, b) |
Beta function: B(a,b) = Γ(a)Γ(b)/Γ(a+b) |
EXP(GAMMALN(a) + GAMMALN(b) - GAMMALN(a+b)) |
IBETA(a, b, x) |
Incomplete beta function, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 |
BETA.DIST(x, a, b, TRUE) |
Special Functions - Bessel
Warning: Prism uses (n, x) argument order. Excel reverses this to (x, n).
Function |
Description |
Excel Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
BESSELJ(n, x) |
Bessel function first kind: Jₙ(x) |
BESSELJ(x, n) ⚠️ |
BESSELY(n, x) |
Bessel function second kind (Neumann): Yₙ(x) |
BESSELY(x, n) ⚠️ |
BESSELI(n, x) |
Modified Bessel first kind: Iₙ(x) |
BESSELI(x, n) ⚠️ |
BESSELK(n, x) |
Modified Bessel second kind (Macdonald): Kₙ(x) |
BESSELK(x, n) ⚠️ |
Special Functions - Hypergeometric
Function |
Description |
Excel Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
HYPGEOMETRICM(a, b, x) |
Confluent hypergeometric M (Kummer's M) |
No equivalent |
HYPGEOMETRICU(a, b, x) |
Confluent hypergeometric U (Tricomi) |
No equivalent |
HYPGEOMETRICF(a, b, c, x) |
Gaussian hypergeometric ₂F₁ |
No equivalent |
Logical & Conditional Functions
AND, OR, and NOT can be written as functions or using infix notation (e.g., "x > 0 AND x < 100").
Function |
Description |
Excel Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
IF(condition, if_true, if_false) |
Conditional logic. String comparisons not case-sensitive |
IF(condition, if_true, if_false) |
AND(cond1, cond2, ...) |
TRUE if all conditions true |
AND(cond1, cond2, ...) |
OR(cond1, cond2, ...) |
TRUE if any condition true |
OR(cond1, cond2, ...) |
NOT(condition) |
Logical negation |
NOT(condition) |
IS_DEFINED(x) |
TRUE if value exists (not blank) |
NOT(ISBLANK(x)) |
String Functions
Function |
Description |
Excel Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
CONCATENATE(text1, text2, ...) |
Join strings. Numbers auto-converted to text |
CONCATENATE(text1, text2, ...) |
Utility Functions
Function |
Description |
Excel Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
PERC(x) |
Convert percentage to fraction: x/100 |
x / 100 |
