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Use the binomial test when there are two
possible outcomes. You know how many of each
kind of outcome (traditionally called "success" and "failure")
occurred in your experiment. You also have a hypothesis for what
the true overall probability of "success" is. The binomial
test answers this question: If the true probability of "success"
is what your theory predicts, then how likely is it to find
results that deviate as far, or further, from the prediction.
The sign test is a special case of the binomial case where your
theory is that the two outcomes have equal probabilities.
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